From the quotation of michael porter, it can be said that for managing the performance and retaining the employees who are key to organisational success, reward is an important factor. The mostused research definition of job satisfaction is by locke 1976, who defined it as. Locke in 1976 and is considered the most famous job satisfaction model. His assertion may seem extreme but given that turnover costs can reach almost 40 percent of earnings for the average company saratoga 2006, developing employee job satisfaction should be examined. Job satisfaction can be defined as a positive emotional state resulting from the pleasure an employee derives from doing a job locke, 1976. These studies, summarized by locke 1976, have suggested several structures. This chapter introduces the relationship between human resource development hrd practices and employees job satisfaction.
Employees who feel in control of their situation also have more job satisfaction. Greenberg and baron 2008, for instance, viewed job satisfaction as a feeling that can produce a positive or negative effect toward ones roles and responsibilities at work and added that it is important to understand the concept of job satisfaction as. First, organizations can be directed by humanitarian values. Lockes monumental an essay concerning human understanding 1689 is one of the first great defenses of modern empiricism and concerns itself with determining the limits of human understanding in respect to a wide spectrum of topics. Locke american institutes for research arid department o psychology, university of maryland despite considerable interest in the study of job satisfaction and dissatis faction, our understanding of these phenomena has not advanced at a pace commensurate with research. Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology book. Distilling the vast literature on this frequently studied variable in organizational behaviour research, paul e spector provides the student and professional with a pithy overview of the application, assessment, causes and consequences of job satisfaction.
According to locke, job satisfaction by definition is a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experience. His 1976 chapter on job satisfaction continues to be one of the most highlycited pieces of work in the field. If a worker has good relationships with their boss and their coworkers, they feel job satisfaction. The structure and dynamics of behavior in organizational boundary roles 28. Another name of discrepancy theory is affect theory which is developed by edwin a. Job satisfaction comes as a result of employees perception of the work itself is seen as either satisfactorily done or core to the institution or a company.
Another competitor to goal setting in the 1960s1980s was the expectancy theory vroom, 1964. Lockes 1976 range of affect theory is by far, the most prominent js model in the literature. Spector, 1997, or as the affective and cognitive attitudes held by an employee about various aspects. Promote job satisfaction through mental challenge the. The methodology used in both studies was the critical incident technique cit, a technique originally developed for conducting a job analysis, not for identifying sources of job satisfaction flanagan, 1954. The diagonal model of job satisfaction and motivation. Locke then goes on to define the definition by saying job satisfaction stems from feeling and cognition locke 1976.
In my opinion i believe that job satisfaction is simply someone been content with their job or enjoy the work they do. They clearly separate facets into the four areas noted earlier. People with high job satisfaction experience a pleasurable or positive emotional state when they think about their job or job experiences. According to locke 1976, this process becomes even more complex since. According to lathan and locke according to lathan and locke. Theories of job satisfaction explained with example. Research that used different methodologies did not replicate herzbergs. Comparative study of physicians job satisfaction levels in the public and the private sectors in russia. Thus, the most effective way an organization can promote job satisfaction of its employees is to enhance the mental challenge in their jobs, and the most consequential way most individuals can improve their own job satisfaction is to.
Meaning that the individual is satisfied at the global level the job as a whole and the facet level the different. Job satisfaction describes how content an individual is with his or her job. One of the most widely used definitions in organizational research is that of locke 1976, who defines job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences p. Aug, 20 according to locke and lathan 1976 the definition of job satisfaction is a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experience. Some research shows a connection between personality and job satisfaction.
However, the mostused definition of job satisfaction in organizational research is that of locke 1976, who described job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the apprajsa1 of ones job or job experiences p. This definition further suggests that job satisfaction contains an affective component emotional state and cognitive component appraisal of job. Despite considerable interest in the study of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction, our understanding of these phenomena has not increased substantially in the past 30 years. Lockes 1976 advanced job satisfaction theory considers it to be someones good or bad emotion as the evaluation of job experience. According to locke and lathan 1976 the definition of job satisfaction is a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experience. The main premise of this theory is that satisfaction is determined by a discrepancy between what one wants in a job and what one has in a job.
Locke 1976 give a comprehensive definition of job satisfaction as pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experience. Essay about job satisfaction and job security 355 words. Locke american institutes for research arid department o psychology, university of maryland despite considerable interest in the study of job satisfaction and dissatis faction, our understanding of these phenomena has not advanced at a pace commensurate with research efforts. According to lathan and locke according to lathan and. Job satisfaction is a result of employees perception of how well their job provides those things that are viewed as important.
Many definitions of job satisfaction exist in the literature. Based on these values they will attempt to treat their employees honorably and with respect. On the other hand, facet measurements have questions or items for these different areas and provides one score to represent each area. Earlier research indicates that job satisfaction is important, as it can have a significant positive influence on both the organization and its employees. Research that used different methodologies did not replicate herzbergs findings e. One of the most widely used definition of job satisfaction is that of locke 1976, which defines job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences.
Summary the most popular definition of job satisfaction was supplied by locke 1976. Spector 1997 presented three reasons to clarify the importance of job satisfaction. The study found that 70% of job satisfaction comes from the environment and 30% comes from genetic factors. Employees who do not feel alienated, or left out, have more job satisfaction. Locke defines the concept of job satisfaction as a. The relationship of job satisfaction, job stress, mental health of government and nongovernment employees of bangladesh. This study explores the relationship between individual characteristics, job characteristics, and career development with job satisfaction of teachers in vocational schools at the province of north sumatera, indonesia. Locke 1976 defines job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences. The concept of job satisfaction, viewed through different lenses by various scholars, is defined differently. Job satisfaction or employee satisfaction is a measure of workers contentedness with their job. The job satisfaction is reflected by the affective reaction of an individual on to hisher work related factors. According to locke 1976, job satisfaction is the pleasurable emotional state resulting from the subjective appraisal of ones job, along with the progress of achievements of job values. Locke 1969, 1976 defined job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences.
Study this book and see if you have the right stuff. Human resources development practices and employees job satisfaction. Pdf the nature and causes of job satisfaction researchgate. Locke s range of affect theory 1976 is arguably the most famous job satisfaction model. If a person likes their job, they feel job satisfaction. Many theorists have tried to come up with an explanation for why people feel the way they do in regards to their job. In simple terms, job satisfaction explains what makes people want to come to work. The most widely accepted explanation of job satisfaction was presented by locke 1976, who defined job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences p. Organizational behavior and hu2ian performance 4, 309336 1969 what is job satisfaction. However, the mostused definition of job satisfaction in organizational research is that of locke 1976, who described job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the apprajsa1 of. Job satisfaction among bank employees international. The most widely accepted theory of job satisfaction was proposed by locke 1976, who defined job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences locke, 1975, p. Job satisfaction or employee satisfaction has been defined in different ways.
It may be as simple as the feeling of satisfaction with a job. The nature and causes of job satisfaction in dunnette, m. Challenging goals, in addition to being associated with high selfefficacy, are typically associated with positive instrumen. Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, 1, 129743. Locke developed the idea known as discrepancy theory. Completely developed discrepancy theory approaches to satisfaction lawler, 1973. Spector, 1997, or as the affective and cognitive attitudes held by an employee about various aspects of their work kalleberg, 1977. Job satisfaction simple english wikipedia, the free. Further, the theory states that how much one values a given. Established global measures include the job satisfaction scales and the overall job satisfaction scale. Lockes theory on job satisfaction lockes composite theory of job satisfaction is the product of many other concepts which he has developed through study and research on related topics such as goalsetting and employee performance. Job satisfaction is important to an organisation success and therefore it is critical that every individual is satisfied within the workplace. Happock wrote this in his book, job satisfaction 1935, to.
Employees job satisfaction becomes a central attention in the researches and. Locke is a proponent of global capitalism, was personally acquainted with the philosopher ayn rand, and is affiliated with the ayn rand institute. Job satisfaction is more of an attitude, an internal state. In addition to discussing the nature of and techniques for assessing job satisfaction, the author summarizes the findings concerning how.
Rolemaking processes within complex organizations \ george graen 29. Herzbergs view of mans nature implies a split between the psychological and biological processes of the human make. He is also a critic of the concept of emotional intelligence. Empirical study on the effects of leaders verbal communication style on employees job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is usually linked with motivation, but the nature of this relationship is not clear. Likewise, his explanation of job satisfaction is in part, a response to some of herzbergs proposals. Accordingly, bullock 1952 treats job satisfaction as the integrity of related and unrelated desired job experiences and as an attitude that results from these activities. As locke 1976 defined job satisfaction, it refers to a pleasurable or positive. According to lathan and locke 1976, job satisfaction refers to a pleasurable and positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job performance or experience. Spector, 1997 and as the affective and cognitive attitudes held by. Similarly, the positive correlation of job satisfaction with respondents. Job satisfaction is a complex and multifaceted concept wich can mean different things to different people. Since early studies in the 1930s, job satisfaction has become.
Locke, an internationally known scholar in the behavioral sciences, has applied his extensive knowledge of philosophy, psychology, and business history to explain what makes great wealth creation possible. Models of job satisfaction affect theory organizational. The discrepancy theory thereby suitably applies to this study as it assists in understanding the discrepancies. Human resources development practices and employees job. Aug 25, 2017 the most popular definition of job satisfaction was supplied by locke 1976, who defined it as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences p. It is just one indicator of a persons psychological wellbeing and can be defined as being a pleasure emotional state that results from the appraisal of an individuals job or job experiences locke, 1976. Job satisfaction has been studied both as a consequence of many individual and work environment characteristics and as an antecedent to many outcomes. When an employee performs their work well, they feel a sense of job satisfaction.
In the year 1977, kalleberg argued that the job satisfaction is an. The concept of job satisfaction has been defined in many ways. Job satisfaction refers to the overall feelings one has and the evaluation one makes about ones job. It is a relatively recent term since in previous centuries the jobs available to a particular person were often predetermined by the occupation of that persons parent. It is argued that a major reason for this lack of progress is the implicit conception of casuality accepted by most psychologists. In the year 1976, locke defined the job satisfaction as the positive and pleasant affective state, which an individual hold about his or her job. Happock wrote this in his book, job satisfaction 1935, to describe the importance of an employees job satisfaction. Job satisfaction in organizational executives mp singh, dr jyotsna sinha research scholar, department of humanities, mn nit, allahabad assistant professor, department of humanities, mn nit, allahabad abstract this paper is aimed at examining the level of job satisfaction among the executives serving in various organizations.
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